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Nuclear safety
 


 On the municipal territory there are about 300 enterprises and organizations that in its scientific and owner's activity use ionizing radiant (DIV) and generating devices. Besides that, in Pirogovo there is a Kyiv state inter-regional special centre for deposit into land of radio-active wastes.

The State Kyiv Department of Ecological Protection in according to Ukraine Laws "Upon using of nuclear power and radiation safety" and "Upon using of radio-active wastes" and according to the order of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Nuclear Safety ( 23.05.97, No.71), implement statements consideration and licences delivery on activity with DIV and on supervision for observance by licenciants of norms, regulations, radiation safety standards, conditions and permitted activity regulations.

While considerating of declared documents it is turned out that the main problem of radiation safety is a reattestation problem or DIV deposit into land with exhausted passport service term of great isotopes of great vitality .

During the USSR times these ionizing radiant after operating termination returned on enterprises produced them, to Russia. Now Russia renounces to take back the used DIV.

In 1997 there are 13 inspection checks of enterprises for observing of regulations and norms of radiation safety while using of DIV.

The checks result was exposure of a series of violations, 74 instructions on their removal were done.

The most typical violations of radiation safety (NRB) are the followings:

- lack of special permission (licences) for realization of activity with DIV;

- exhausted passport service term of DIV.

Periodicity of checks at the enterprises and organizations depends on state of radiation safety, disposition of revealed violations, DIV amounts and quality, methods and scopes of works.

Independently from departmental belonging, all of urban organizations and enterprises pass on radio-active wastes (RV) to the Kyiv state union centre "Radon" (KDMSK).

The result of imperfect construction of old RV storage, the projects of which were developed at the end of 50th, is the pollution of underground waters by radio nuclides of tritium out of the storages.

A concentration of tritium in underground waters in "polluted" storage zone in December 1997 was 702 Êbê/l, that 5 times exceeds admissible concentrations for category "B"(DÊb = 148 Êbê/l). In 1997 at the storages arrangements are taken as for insulation of operating and preserved storages from atmospheric precipitation. 

In 1997 on the Kyiv territory five radiation incidents took place. They were connected with transportation of radioactive polluted scrap metal and deposit to land waste outputs with radio nuclede of plutonium. The incidentes liquidated by storage workers by the participation of the State Kyiv Department of Ecological Protection.

Radiation situation in Kyiv is characterized not only by irradiation associated with using of DIV, by generating devices and by natural radiation background factor. It is also characterized by technogenic radio-active pollution connected with Chornobyl disaster.

In 1997 and in the last 3-4 years, in Kyiv an expositional gamma-radiation dose is 10-18 mcR a year. Sharp oscillations and high indexes exceeding the control levels in atmospheric air and on soils surface within the town are not fixed.

The main contribution in expositional dose power is made by such radio nuclides as caesium-137, strontium-90, americium-241 and plutonium nuclides complex. They are distributed evenly in soils. Their contents is 0,3 - 1,0 cu/km2

However on the municipal territory there are a few regions with anomalous radio nuclide contents values up to 3,0 - 3,6 cu/km2.

 


 

 

 
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Water     Air        Green zone       Biodiversity      Chemical safety          Health             Waste          Nuclear safety           Soil

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